Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment

Bypass- and matrix flow produce interflow and contribute to groundwater protection

Author(s):

Klaus-Peter Seiler

Recieved Date: 2002-11-19, Accepted Date: 2003-02-19

Abstract:

In the unsaturated zone of Tertiary and Quaternary sediments of Bavaria bypass-flow may get significant as compared to matrix-flow. Tracer experiments with Deuterium prove that bypass-flow exceeds flow velocities of 0.5 m/d and matrix-flow ranges between 0.7 m/year (Loess), 1.2 m/year (Tertiary gravels and sands) and 2 m/year (quaternary gravels). In areas with a deep groundwater table and unconsolidated rocks bypass-flow penetrates to depths of less than 1m (fine sands) and more than 3m (gravels) below ground before it either incorporates into matrix-flow or generates interflow in hilly areas. – Bypass-flow depends upon geologic, biologic, pedologic and in arable lands also from anthropogenic factors. In hilly terrains, bypass- and interflow enhance the export of agrochemicals from the effective root zone; contrary, in flat lands bypass-flow accelerates the input of agrochemicals to groundwater. – Bypass-flow seems to be strongest under wet and dry soil moisture conditions at the surface and more dominant in fluvial than in lake and marine sediments.

Keywords:

Tracing, flow components, solute and particulate matter, agrochemicals

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Journal: Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment
Year: 2003
Volume: 1
Issue: 2
Category: Environment
Pages: 345-347

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