Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment
Effects of rain catching and controlled irrigation models on pest and loss of nitrogen and phosphorus under different weeding methods
Author(s):
Xiang Ping Guo 1,
Jacob Jeremiah Towa 1, 2*, Richwell M. Mwiya 3, Chen Sheng 1Recieved Date: 2013-05-22, Accepted Date: 2013-10-18
Abstract:The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of Rain-Catching and Controlled Irrigation (RCCI) models under different weeding methods on the loss of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), root growth and its activities, and pests in the paddy rice growth, in Jiangsu province, China. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and nine treatments. The three replicates consisted of three water management regimes: High Dry High Flooding (T3) treatment, High Dry Low Flooding (T2) treatment, and Shallow and Frequent Irrigation (T1) treatment. Rainfall Catching and Controlled Irrigation (RCCI) model was adopted in T3 and T2 while Continuous Flooding Irrigation (CFI) was adopted in T1 as a control. The nine treatments were equally divided under mulching, hand weeding and weedy conditions and the rice variety used was Nanjing 44. RCCI model reduced the amount of water drainage in mulching weeding, hand weeding and weedy check by 38 to 61%, 20 to 44% and 30 to 78%, respectively, compared to CFI treatment. Not only that, but also RCCI reduced the loss amount of nitrogen and phosphorus. The total nitrogen (NT) was reduced from 45.2 to 63.4%, 18 to 43.5% and 37.4 to 73.7% in mulching, hand weeding and weedy check, respectively, compared to CFI treatment. In addition, RCCI model compared to CFI reduced the loss amount of phosphorus from 22 to 48% in mulching and 18 to 67% in weedy check. Mulching reduced the number of rice plants infested by pests from 64.3 to76% compared to hand weeding. The RCCI model at T3 increased the number of pest infested rice plants by 20%, 33.3% and 18.2% in mulching, hand weeding and weedy check, respectively, compared to CFI. Root activities were proportional to the root length in both RCCI model and CFI. RCCI model at T3 observed higher root activities and longer root length in all rice growth treatments than T2 and T1. However, T1 showed lower root activities and shorter length than T2 due to high dry in the RCCI model plots (T2 and T3) which caused the increase and growth of root length than in T1. Moreover, mulching weeding showed shorter root length than hand weeding and weedy check due to the high moisture content and nutrients in the mulching plots.
Keywords:Rice,
controlled drought and flooding, mulching, root growth and pestJournal: Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment
Year: 2013
Volume: 11
Issue: 3&4
Category: Agriculture
Pages: 1414-1419
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