Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment

Agrotechnical requirements of facultative wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar ‘SW Kadrilj’ in Slovenia 

Author(s):

Darja Kocjan Ačko *, Igor Šantavec

Recieved Date: 2014-01-12, Accepted Date: 2014-04-10

Abstract:

With the aim to investigate the sow possibility of facultative wheat in Slovenia, we measured grain yield and some economically important properties of the facultative wheat cultivar ‘SW Kadrilj’ sown in two seasonally different sowing times. Plant height, number of spikes m^-2, yield of grain and straw, thousand grain weight and specific weight were monitored during the growing seasons of 2009/10 and 2010/11 on the experimental field of Biotechnical faculty in Ljubljana to evaluate the difference between the results of the autumn and spring sowing time and the difference between two growing seasons. The seeds of cultivar ‘SW Kadrilj’ at five densities of 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 germinative seeds m^-2 were sown in a randomized block design. To simulate the extensive type of production on arable-livestock farms in Slovenia, where the wheat is mainly sown just for crop rotation with maize, our crop was additionally fertilized only once - at the stage of tillering (BBCH 21) with 60-kilograms of Nitrogen per ha (KAN 27%) and no plant protection products were used. In 2010, the grain yield from the autumn sowing time was 3,564 kg ha^-1 and was approximately 1,200 kg ha^-1 higher than the yield of the spring sowing time (2,323 kg ha^-1); in 2011, both sowing times gave similar average yield (3,125 and 3,634 kg ha^-1). One of the most important factors determining the grain yield - the time from full flowering until the grain-filling period (BBCH 65-87), was 25 days shorter for the spring sowing of 2010 compared to the crop sown in the autumn, when the BBCH 65-87 stage lasted 51 days. In 2011, there was only 14 days of difference in the duration of grain filling stage between the two sowing times. The results of our experiment also confirm the effect of the sowing density on the yield - despite the fact that the difference was not statistically significant in any of the years; the highest yield was recorded at 500 germinative seeds m^-2. Results indicated that the pre-harvest crop density had a positive effect on the grain yield in both years and both times of harvest. Increasing the pre-harvest crop density for 100 spikes m^-2 increased the grain yield for 403 kilograms per hectare. We can recommend for agricultural practices the autumn sowing of wheat cultivar ‘SW Kadrilj’ with more possibility for higher yield than at spring sowing, and the seeding rate of 500 germinative seeds m^-2.

Keywords:

Facultative wheat cultivar, Triticum aestivum, sowing time, sowing density, grain yield, economically important properties, extensive cultivation, Slovenia

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Journal: Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment
Year: 2014
Volume: 12
Issue: 2
Category: Environment
Pages: 1362-1367

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