Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment
Vol 10,
Issue 3&4,2012
Online ISSN: 1459-0263
Print ISSN: 1459-0255
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Effect of phosphorus application methods and zinc on agronomic traits and radiation use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Author(s):
Hakoomat Ali 1,
Nadeem Tariq 1, Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq 2, Anser Ali 3, Shakeel Ahmad 1*Recieved Date: 2012-06-22, Accepted Date: 2012-10-04
Abstract:Soils of Pakistan are generally sandy loams with alkaline pH, low organic matter and fertility, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and around 90% of soils are deficient in available phosphorus coupled with 10-25% of phosphorus use efficiency (PUE). P is being considered as second major element and mainly responsible for stagnant yields in the past decade. Phosphatic fertilizers have become increasingly expensive that further widened already imbalance of N and P use ratio. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of phosphorus application methods and zinc on agronomic traits and radiation use efficiency (RUE) of wheat. The phosphorus application methods were side dressed, 3 inches aside seed (P1), broadcasting at the time of seedbed preparation (P2), and top dressing after first irrigation (P3). Zinc was applied in the form of zinc sulphate 21% in Z2 treatment and no zinc was applied in Z1 treatment. The P1 treatment significantly enhanced total dry matter (13.20 and 13.27 t ha-1) and grain yield (6.96 and 6.99 t ha-1) compared to P2 and P3 methods. The TDM and grain yield from P1 was 13-14% and 16-18% greater than in P3 application method, respectively. Zinc application gave 3-4% higher total dry matter (TDM) and grain yield (GY) over Zn1 treatment. Net assimilation rate was significantly higher in P1 and Zn2 treatment in both years. Variation in yield with P application methods and zinc treatment were closely correlated with the number of grains m-2 and mean grain weight. Leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), radiation use efficiency for TDM (RUETDM) and radiation use efficiency for grain yield (RUEGY) were significantly higher in side placement of P (P1) and zinc application (Zn2) as compared to all other treatments. Both TDM and GY were linearly dependent upon the cumulative LAD with correlation coefficient of 0.96 and 0.94, respectively. The P1 application method enhanced intercepted PAR by 8.3% compared to P2 and P3 application methods. TDM production in both years was strongly and linearly related to cumulative intercepted PAR (R2 = 96.4%) and gave a value of 2.03 g MJ-1.
Keywords:Leaf area index,
leaf area duration, radiation use efficiency, intercepted photosynthetically active radiation, yield components, grain and total dry matter yieldJournal: Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment
Year: 2012
Volume: 10
Issue: 3&4
Category: Agriculture
Pages: 757-763
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